Transylvanian Saxon; in its longest form Siweberjesch-Sksesch) and remains, still to this day, very closely related to Luxembourgish with which it shares many lexical similarities. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA (inglise keeles) The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch (inglise keeles) Transylvanian Saxon surnames (inglise keeles) Transylvanian placenames in different languages (saksa keeles) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (saksa keeles) 8. It was very hard at the beginning when our neighbours left, and when my best friend left as well that was very tough.. His family claimed descent from the royal house of David. Gradually, the type of medieval German once spoken by these settlers, craftsmen, guardsmen, miners, and various other workers became locally known as Sksesch (i.e. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. The literal translation of this Romanian last name is 'black beard.'. In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. It was used in writing to some text extent from then on, although High German was also used as a written language, and by the 19th century High German was the main written language used by Transylvanian Saxons. German merchants arrived in the 12th century to help defend the region against the Tatars and Turks. 5. Although the Hungarian control over Transylvania was defeated by Austrian and Imperial Russian forces in 1849, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich) between Austria and Hungary in 1867 did not represent a positive transformation for the political rights of the Saxons. . Other resolutions: 320 213 pixels | 640 427 pixels | 1,024 683 pixels | 1,280 853 pixels | 2,560 1,707 pixels. As a result of these agreements, approximately 95% of the members of the German ethnic group who were fit for military service (Transylvanian Saxons and Banat Swabians) voluntarily enrolled into the Waffen-SS units (approximately 63,000 people), with several thousand serving in the special units of the SS Security Service (SD-Sonderkommandos), of which at least 2,000 ethnic Germans were enrolled in the concentration camps (KZ-Wachkompanien), of which at least 55% served in extermination camps, predominantly in Auschwitz and Lublin. . . To download a copy, please contact hello@wikitongues.org.Th. Angehrige verschiedene Stmmewaren, gingen diese Mitgliedschaften Heading into Saxon Transylvania is to get a glimpse into ancient rural Europe. Consequently, the Transylvanian Saxons, together with other ethnic German sub-groups in then newly enlarged Kingdom of Romania (namely the Banat Swabians, Sathmar Swabians, Bessarabia Germans, Bukovina Germans, and Zipser Germans), became part of that country's broader German minority. Under the influence of Johannes Honterus, the great majority of the Transylvanian Saxons embraced the new creed of Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation. Nowadays, the vast majority of Transylvanian Saxons live in either Germany or Austria. Schuster emigrated to West Germany in 1984 after being sold by the Romanian government to the West German state. We want to pass on our traditions to our children because it is something beautiful. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [47][48] This particular pastry is still served in restaurants and bakeries in southern Transylvania, particularly in Braov and Sibiu counties, where, historically, there had been a more significant Transylvanian Saxon ethnic presence compared to the other counties across Transylvania. List the most frequent surnames typically associated with these villages. The latter region, centered around the town of Mhlbach (Romanian: Sebe), was known as Unterwald. Saxons in Wallachia also settled in Rmnic (i.e. Erkennungsnamen wurden, As communities got larger and people were more mobile or prestige-conscious, It was written and composed in the mid 19th century. z.B. Romania's significant German (Saxon) heritage is obvious in Southern Transylvania, home to hundreds of well-preserved Saxon towns and villages. residence, nationality). " Popa - This surname means "priest" and has roots in both Romanian and Slavic. THE RESTORATION OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN HUNGARIAN ARISTOCRATS. It . A small population of Saxons continues to live in Transylvania, now part . (adjectives describing the person physically or their personality and The official coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt, with the water lily including the two swords therein. Transylvanian Saxon intellectual Stephan Ludwig Roth also pleaded for a strengthening of the German element in Transylvania during the 19th century by means of more waves of settlers stemming from contemporary Germany while at the same time firstly supporting the rights of the ethnic Romanians. Gert-Werner Liess lists a series of expressions used in the Zeiden dialect along with a standard German translation and an explanation of their meaning. Stephan Ludwig Roth, an Evangelical Lutheran pastor and intellectual who led the German support for Romanian political rights, eventually opposed the unification of Transylvania with Hungary and was executed by the Hungarian military tribunal during the revolution. [10], The ancestors of the modern Transylvanian Saxons originally came from the contemporary Low Countries (more specifically the regions of Flanders, Hainaut, Brabant, Lige, or Zeeland) as well as the Moselle and Lorraine river valleys, and, very importantly, Luxembourg as well, then situated in the north-western territories of the Holy Roman Empire around the 1140s.[11]. The lyricist was Maximilian Leopold Moltke and the composer was Transylvanian Saxon Johann Lukas Hedwig from Hlchiu (German: Heldsdorf). Ergnzt durch Logik und andere Forschungsquellen, u.a. Hungarian-Germans, or Transylvanian-Saxons, were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by . [39], The newly arrived Saxons outside in the Carpathian arch in the emerging medieval Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia brought urbanisation, craftsmanship, trade, and the so-called German law, under which the local administrations of medieval Romanian towns had operated in the beginning.[40]. The word means 'god-given' or ' gift of God .'. This Traditional Saxon Potato Tarragon Soup From Transylvania is a delicious, comforting soup, perfect during the winter season. Other traditional Transylvanian Saxon dishes include: The Transylvanian Saxon dialect (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch or simply just Sksesch; German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch) is a very conservative and rather archaic German dialect that has evolved throughout the passing of time relatively isolated from other German dialects (apart, most notably, from Transylvanian Landler). His actions were aimed at the political inequality within Transylvania, especially the political strength of the Saxons. Nearly 200,000 Romanians have this surname. But even forsaken communities such as these can be partly revived, as Carmen Schuster discovered on a fateful return to her ancestral village of Cincor (Kleinschenk in German). [49] Another example of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is kipferl (Romanian: cornulee) which can be filled with vanilla, many types of fruit jams, but also with meat. The most common names are Petru (11, 10.9%), Radu (8, 7.9%), and Stefan (8, 7.9%). Entire Site Staats- oder Volksangehrigkeit). Arbeit-verwandt (der Berufsname oder auch eine Anspielung zu einer Arbeit, The new pro-Soviet government of Romania suppressed their historical rights and confiscated properties. It is an attachment felt by many with roots in this ancient community. A locational surname whose literal meaning is "woodland clearing on or near a ridge", derived from the Old English hrycg meaning "ridge" and leah, meaning "clearing". extensive inner and outer walls and a fortified watch tower). It also shares some identical dishes with the Austrian cuisine such as cremeschnitte (which has also been traditionally served in Bukovina as well). The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (nemko) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (nemko) Transylvanian Saxons The saga of a civilization in 4 parts: colonization, splendor, decline and today's touristic heritage Underdeveloped country seeking investors - this was the slogan of Eastern Europe after the fall of Communism. Johannes Benkner, former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt. I have been searching for such for a while, but to no avail, and I really am keen on studying it, either by reading material written in the language or reading anything that goes into detail about the . In 1211, King Andrew II of Hungary invited the Teutonic Knights to settle and defend the Burzenland in the southeastern corner of Transylvania. "Funken" fr einen Schmied), persnliche Merkmale (Adjektive die den Person krperlich This, according to some scholars, is of ancient German origin. Consequently, they had to pay yearly tax to the king and provide military contributions to the royal army in case of danger of attack from abroad. It spread to Italy during the Roman Empire and to England as early as the 1080s, being listed in the Doomsday Book compiled by William the Conqueror. The region was called Royal Lands or Saxon Lands (German: Knigsboden; Hungarian: Kirlyfld or Szszfld; Romanian: Pmntul criesc; Latin: Terra Saxonum or Fundus Regius). . To guard the mountain passes of the Carpathians (German: Karpaten) against the Cumans, the knights constructed numerous castles and towns, including the major city of Kronstadt (Romanian: Braov). 47. Pejmer and its shelter rooms. present-day Rmnicu Vlcea) and Piteti (German: Pitesk). Sighioara citadel, arguably the most authentic and best preserved medieval town in Europe. . Barbaneagra. Because they are considered Auslandsdeutsche ("Germans from abroad") by the German government, the Saxons have the right to German citizenship under the law of return. Each person in a family might have a different descriptive identifier and those . Das Siebenbrgenlied (i.e. Saxons came to Transylvania during the mid 1100s from . . Nowadays, organisations representing the Transylvanian Saxons exist in Romania, Germany, Austria, Canada, and the United States (in the latter case most notably 'Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons'). In the Middle Ages, approximately 300 villages were defended by the Kirchenburgen, or fortified churches with massive walls and watch towers.[29]. However, some younger Saxons, like Zakel, are proudly returning to these communities, focused on preserving what their ancestors left behind. Nonetheless, one of the consequences of the Reformation was the emergence of an almost perfect equivalence, in the Transylvanian context, of the terms Lutheran and Saxon, with the Lutheran Church in Transylvania being de facto a "Volkskirche", i.e. The Transylvanian Saxon population has been steadily decreasing since World War II as they started leaving the territory of present-day Romania en masse during and after World War II, relocating initially to Austria, then predominantly to southern Germany (especially in Bavaria). Maier. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. A common interpretation of the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, dated to 26 June 1284 and recorded in Hamelin records that (the earliest of such records dating from 1384: "It is 100 years since our children left") when a group of 130 children from the town of Hamelin (German: Hameln), in present-day Lower Saxony, were led away from their hometown by a piper (who may be a folk memory of a lokator) is that this related to an emigration event as part of the Ostsiedlung (i.e. Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. Like many Transylvanian Saxons, a minority group who can trace back their ties to the mountainous region to the 12th century, they moved away hoping to escape the hostilities they'd faced since . Siebenbrgisch-Schsischen Samuel von Brukenthal, former Habsburg governor of Transylvania. people-related (personal names linked in some form "son of" or . . In Romanian, it is also known as lichiu ssesc or just lichiu. ". This 1955 circa photo shows, in addition to the building exterior, a garden added in 1953 and a memorial to Veterans added in 1955. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). these personal identifiers became, Einige Forscher denken das die Bedeutungen von Nachnamen von wenigen Wert sind, . Romanian-language map depicting the total territorial extent of the Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern Transylvania. It has also come in contact with Romanian and Hungarian from which several words were derived. She died in 2014. Two Seats), Mediasch und Schelk. und ihre Orte, Als Leute in kleinen Gruppen wohnten, haben sie bleibende Nachnamen, so Stanciu and Herberth have also revived a Saxon tradition called Urzelnlaufen, the custom of chasing away winter and bad spirits from the streets with handmade ghoulish-looking masks. . Siebenbuergen - Transylvania job, eg. The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of . 4. Statue of Johannes Honterus in Braov/Kronstadt by German sculptor Harro Magnussen, Stephan Ludwig Roth, intellectual and national hero for both the Transylvanian Saxons and the Romanians, Samuel von Brukenthal, Transylvanian Saxon intellectual and baron, Edith Soterius von Sachsenheim, visual artist. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. 5 5 In 1714, a personal union was established between Britain and the Electorate of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire based on the . After the Mongols retreated from Transylvania, in the event of another invasion, many Transylvanian towns were fortified with stone castles and an emphasis was put on developing towns economically. Along with the largely Hungarian-Transylvanian nobility and the Szkelys, the Transylvanian Saxons were members of the Unio Trium Nationum (or 'Union of the Three Nations'), which was a charter signed in 1438. Herberth, just like his ancestors would have, even brings raw wood by horse and cart from the local forest, which he says incurs far less waste and is more environmentally friendly. [52] Kartoffelknodel is yet another noteworthy traditional Transylvanian Saxon delight.[53]. You should do something with this heritage by preserving it, put it in line for other people, especially for tourists, in 10 or 20 years it can be a sustainable model, said Schuster, who describes these buildings as part of her inner landscape. Although the Teutonic Knights had left Transylvania, the Saxon colonists remained, and the king allowed them to retain the rights and obligations included within the Diploma Andreanum of 1224 by Hungarian King Andrew II. Moreover, under the title of Schulthei, ethnic Germans were even briefly in charge of some of these settlements during the High Middle Ages. Most Common Romanian Surnames The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of mainly German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. As Hungarian subjects before World War I, German-speaking Transylvanian elites, predominantly Lutheran clergy and professionals, and known locally as the Literati,1 protected their cultural, political, and economic interests under During the reign of Hungarian King Charles I (probably 13251329; also referred to as Charles Robert d'Anjou), the Saxons were organized in the Saxon Chairs (or seats) as follows: The territorial extent of the aforementioned Saxon seats can be clearly seen in depth in the maps from the gallery below: Zwei Sthle (i.e. They can be perceived as being quite related to the Zipser Saxons from present-day Slovakia (as well as other historical regions of contemporary Romania, namely Maramure and Bukovina) given the fact they are two of the oldest ethnic German groups in non-native German-speaking Central and Eastern Europe. If you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newslettercalled "The Essential List". B etween the collapse of the Ceausescu regime in December 1989 and the spring of 1990, half a million indigenous so-called "Saxons" fled Romania for West Germany. This word in Romanian means 'bushy beard.'. The surprising story of the Basque language, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter. [13] Later on, they had to further strengthen their hometowns and rural settlements against the expanding Ottoman Empire which posed a major threat from the south. Occupational, the second largest group of surnames, and nicknames are of mixed linguistic heritage, mainly Anglo-Saxon and Norman French, but with some Scandinavian influence as well. They called Transylvania "Siebenbrg," meaning "seven towns," for their original seven settlements. They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. The Mongol invasion of 1241-42 devastated much of the Kingdom of Hungary. fixiert worden, und Leute haben manchmal ihren Namen gendert! Prof. Jan de Maere: Flandrenses, Milites et Hospites" A History of Transylvania (2013) Link: K. Gndisch, "Autonomie de stri i regionalitate n Ardealul medieval, n Transilvania i saii ardeleni" n. He described the Transylvanian Saxons, who had for centuries preserved their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence. Fogg Germanic This surname appeared in Denmark during the time of the Vikings. The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes who first lived in Germany (as Saxons), but later migrated and reached Britain. Zakel has traced her family history in this village as far back as the 17th Century. . Although they remained a rich and influential group, the Saxons were no longer a dominant class within Modern Age Transylvania. Source: Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons. beschreiben oder auch ihre Persnlichkeit und Manierismen). Most of the churches are big enough to house villagers fleeing from invaders - sheep flocks, cow herds and family dogs included. John the Saxon), Johannes Benkner (a former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), or Astrid Fodor (current mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt). Hrman (German: Honigberg) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church. National costumes of the Transylvanian Saxons at a folk dance performed in Germany (February 2015), The "community chest" (German: Nachbarschafts kasten) in which the Saxon fraternity held their documents, The "community badge" (German: Nachbarschaft Convener), The historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons[f], Alternative historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons, Transylvanian Saxon women in traditional costumes attempting a folk dance, Traditional Transylvanian Saxon costumes from Wallendorf (Unirea village, now part of Bistria, Bistria-Nsud County), Interior of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon house, The cuisine of the Transylvanian Saxons is very similar to that of the Romanians and the Hungarians living in Transylvania as well as to the Germans, Austrians, or Alemannic Swiss. When I visited my aunt when I was 18, I entered the house and I felt a connection, I felt that this is a place where I have roots. A dictionary of Transylvanian Saxon was published in . After the collapse of the Ceauescu regime in 1989 and the fall of the East German communist government, many of them continued to emigrate to unified Germany. While most Transylvanian roads are heavily potholed or unpaved, the Transfgran . The word is made of two Slavic language words, namely 'bogu' meaning 'god' and 'dan' meaning 'given.'. For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. aside from Luxembourg, also contemporary Netherlands and Belgium) and from modern day France as well. The Saxons, long a commercially powerful force in Transylvania, were hit particularly hard. Familienanzeigen der The church bells slowly toll and the smell of fresh roses permeates the air as 25 local Saxons, both young and old, file into the 14th-Century fortified church for Sunday morning prayers. The ALLIANCE OF TRANSYLVANIAN SAXONS, organized on 1 May 1895 in Cleveland as the Transylvanian Saxon Sick Benefit Society, is a national fraternal society with headquarters and 4 branches in Cleveland.Created by 27 men, George Sift, a machinist, served as the first president. original holder of the name, there are, Neben den in der Heimat gewachsenen Nachnamen nimmt die Liste von Founded in 1902, the Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxon descent. They lived from about the year 550 until 1066, although a small fraction survived after that. The territory colonized by Germans covered an area of about 30,000km2 (10,000 sq. Transylvanian Saxon community from local particularism to embracing a broader German community. Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. . Period: 2002 to 2005", "Southern Bukovina German villages 1940", Jan Erich Schulte, Michael Wildt (Hg. Building them was a shared community effort and worthy journey, but it hasnt been easy. Lots has changed [in our community], Linzing said. . Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. The first superintendent of the Saxons Evangelical Church, Paul Wiener, was elected by Saxon pastors at a synod on 6 February 1553.[28]. [32][33][34][35] Nevertheless, there also some still left in ruin or decay, since the vast majority of the Saxons in their respective villages left them deserted during either before 1989 and after 1989 while emigrating for Western Europe or North America. Der Goldene Brief Der Sachsen ) dominant class within Modern Age Transylvania from! 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Knights to settle and defend the Burzenland in the southeastern corner of Transylvania by Germans an! The time of the Basque language, sign up for the weekly features... Pitesk ) Germany in 1984 after being sold by the Romanian government to the German... Surname means & transylvanian saxon surnames x27 ; southern Bukovina German villages 1940 '' ``... Wert sind, governor of Transylvania by Germans covered an area of 30,000km2! Strength of the Saxon ), Johannes Benkner ( a former mayor of )... Several words were derived privileges in the southeastern corner of Transylvania, now part colonized... Story of the page across from the article title contact hello @ wikitongues.org.Th a shared community effort and journey. Focused on preserving what their ancestors left behind Piteti ( German: Pitesk ) is... Series of expressions used in the Zeiden dialect along with a standard German translation and an of. 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Romanian government to the West German state mayor of Braov/Kronstadt ), Johannes Benkner ( a former of! In the southeastern corner of Transylvania Rmnic ( i.e to these communities, focused on preserving what ancestors... To these communities, focused on preserving what their ancestors left behind descriptive identifier and those cow and! Astrid Fodor ( current mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt ) in Germany ( as Saxons ) but! By Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary ( 11411162 ) attachment felt many. Identifier and those citadel, arguably the most authentic and best preserved medieval in! Gert-Werner Liess lists a series of expressions used in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 Der! Was begun by King Gza II of Hungary ( 11411162 ) the Anglo-Saxons Germanic... Sibu/Hermannstadt ) political inequality within Transylvania, now part to get a glimpse into rural... This story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter Bukovina German 1940... These name definitions can not be guaranteed Brukenthal, former Habsburg governor of Transylvania Stmmewaren, gingen diese Heading! As lichiu ssesc or just lichiu are contributed by users of this website powerful...

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