It is one of the great tool for API testing. For tests that need to wait for slow pages or deal with un-predictable element load-times or state / visibility changes, Karate allows you to temporarily tweak the internal retry settings. We need to use assertion to validate the response data. Something like this: For HTTPS / SSL, you can also specify a custom certificate or trust store by setting Java system properties. This can also be used as a setter to navigate to a new URL during a test. So you can do things like this: * def name = name + __loop - or you can use the loop index value for looking up other values that may be in scope - in a data-driven style. Karate Robot is designed for desktop application testing, but since you can click on anything in the viewport, you can achieve what you may not be able to with other automation frameworks. If you wanted to check if the Element returned exists, you can use the present property getter as follows: But what is most useful is how you can now click only if element exists. You can start a Driver instance programmatically and perform actions and assertions like this: You can find the complete example here. This demonstrates a Java Maven + JUnit 5 project set up to test a Spring Boot app. Note that def will over-write any variable that was using the same name earlier. predicate marker to validate that the value of totalPrice is always equal to the roomPrice of the first item in the roomInformation array. 1. We will discuss the Karate API, UI Automation, and g. The key should not be within quotes. Karate is flexible, you can easily over-write config variables within the Java or JUnit runner - which is very convenient when in dev-mode or rapid-prototyping. Karates callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once. The Karate regression test-suite that runs in GitHub actions (effectively our CI) - includes another example, and you can find a good explanation here. #string But when you deal with complex, nested JSON (or XML) - it may be easier in some cases to use replace, especially when you want to substitute multiple placeholders with one value, and when you dont need array manipulation. Another example for a popular Maven reporting plugin that is compatible with Karate JSON is Cluecumber. When using call (or callonce), only one argument is allowed. And as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that give different results on every run. However, unlike Cucumber, tests aren't written in Java and are fully described in the Gherkin file. """, # optional (can be null) and if present should be an array of size greater than zero, # should be an array of size equal to $.count, # use a predicate function to validate each array element, # if you prefer using 'pure' JsonPath, you can do this, # using the karate object if the expression is dynamic, """ If youre looking for more complex ways of dynamically naming your scenarios you can use JS string interpolation by including placeholders in your scenario name. note that this cannot be dynamic (with in-line variables) so. stop(): Karate will call this method at the end of every top-level Scenario (that has not been call-ed by another Scenario). If you want to customize the start-up, you can use a batch-file: Here a batch-file called chrome can be placed in the system PATH (and made executable) with the following contents: For Windows it would be chrome.bat in the system PATH as follows: Another example for WebDriver, again assuming that chromedriver is in the PATH: For more advanced options such as for Docker, CI, headless, cloud-environments or custom needs, see configure driverTarget. The Karate project team is of the opinion that things can be made simpler. Karate can read *.csv files and will auto-convert them to JSON. Also see waits. Empty cells or expressions that evaluate to null will result in the key being omitted from the JSON. Even Java interop and access to the karate JS API would work. Defining the request is mandatory if you are using an HTTP method that expects a body such as post. They are param, header, cookie, form field and multipart field. predicate syntax, and situations where this comes in useful will be apparent when we discuss match each. Important: If you attempt to build a URL in the form ?myparam=value by using path the ? If you mix Karate into a Maven or Gradle project with many other dependendies, you may run into problems because of dependency conflicts. The webDriverUrl driver configuration key is optional, but if specified, will be used as the W3C WebDriver remote server. But some troublesome parts of your flow will require re-tries, and this is where the retry() API comes in. var nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]; e.g. Yes, you can modify the request or response if needed ! Set a cookie. Here below is an example jbang script that uses the Karate Java API to do some useful work. Heres a reminder that the #notpresent marker can be mixed into an equality match (==) to assert that some keys exist and at the same time ensure that some keys do not exist: The ! Although rarely needed, variable references or expressions are also supported: This is a shortcut to assert the HTTP response code. Look at multipart entity for an example. _ > 0'. To visually highlight an element in the browser, especially useful when working in the debugger. Here is an example: Here above, you see the karate.log(), karate.env and karate.configure() helpers being used. The result JSON will be in the form: { x: '#number', y: '#number', width: '#number', height: '#number' }. For example: So this is just for convenience and readability, using configure driver can do the same thing like this: This design is so that you can use (and data-drive) all the capabilities supported by the target driver - which can vary a lot depending on whether it is local, remote, for desktop or mobile etc. By default, the value of karate.env when you access it within karate-config.js - would be null. This is best explained in this example that involves listening to an ActiveMQ / JMS queue. var JavaDemo = Java.type('com.mycompany.JavaDemo'); subType: results : null; See Chrome Java API. Valid options are, The number of bits used to encode each pixel, The maximum size on the smallest dimension before downsampling. Example: Note that if you do this as soon as you navigate to a new page, there is a chance that this returns the old / stale URL. Cucumber has a limitation where Background steps are re-run for every Scenario. Do note that if you choose the Java API, you will naturally lose some of the test-automation framework benefits such as HTML reports, parallel execution and JavaScript / configuration. Also note how you can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default. And then you have two options. Karates approach frees you from Maven, is far more expressive, allows you to eyeball all environments in one place, and is still a plain-text file. (not) operator is especially useful for contains and JSON arrays. The name of the class doesnt matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. For convenience, non-existent keys (or array elements) will be created automatically. The parameters that you can optionally customize via the Map argument to the pdf() method are documented here: Page.printToPDF . Conditional logic is not recommended especially within test scripts because tests should be deterministic. There are two things that can happen to the returned value. } The function argument is the row-index, so you can easily determine when to stop the generation of data. function fn(x){ return x + 1 }. The same concept applies to XML and you can build complicated payloads from scratch in just a few, extremely readable lines. The method signature of the assertTrue has flipped around a bit. to customize rebase filename and/or output), Function to be called when displaying image comparison configuration in Karate HTML reports (e.g. And if you do this within a Background: section, it would apply to all Scenario: sections within the *.feature file. You can choose between the string-placeholder style or directly refer to the variable foo (or even the whole row JSON as __row) in JSON-friendly expressions. The documentation on how to run tests via the command line has an example of how to use tags to decide which tests to not run (or ignore). squares.push(foo(n)); For example instead of: When it comes to JavaBean getters and setters, you could call them directly, but the driver.propertyName form is much better to read, and you save the trouble of typing out round brackets. 1234 Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. Uses the configured highlightDuration. And similarly - for specifying the HTTP proxy. Keep in mind that you should be able to comment-out a Scenario or skip some via tags without impacting any others. Note that Karate has built-in support for CSV files and here is an example: dynamic-csv.feature. What is Karate Test Framework? Step 1: Create a feature file under src/test/java folder. This is possible by prefixing contains with a ! The above example actually makes two HTTP requests - the first is a standard sign-in POST and then (for illustrative purposes) another HTTP call (a GET) is made for retrieving a list of projects for the signed-in user, and the first one is selected and added to the returned auth token JSON object. Only supported for driver type android | ios, for hiding the soft keyboard. Scope of this variable is only on scenario in which it is defined. In addition to fields,